Using the multiple PI funding mechanisms, Dr. Xiaoping Zhu and Dr. Edmund Gosselin in the Albany Medical School receive an NIH R21 grant ($447,252) that will develop an adjuvant-free mucosal vaccine. This platform technology will be tested using a highly significant infectious disease model, which will lay the foundation for future testing and clinical development of this adjuvant-free vaccine and its eventual use against an array of current, emerging, and re-emerging pathogens.